VL. Thakima Chozah
Châkhei, Camp: Delhi, 2011.
“He chyhsazy he pôhkhapa châ ei ta, reih miakha a hmâhpa ama châ. Atahmâ he hmo ama tao awpa ama tao pathaopa a châ. Buakha hlâta ama hmo khopa thlai tao theipa ta ama y awpa he! Chavâta avy u la, zu ei suh u, ama reih panano ei suh u, ama reih amâ pahno thai khao lei nawpa ta.” Âthaona 11:6-7.
Biehmia
Abeipa Biehrai liata eima hmôpa hawhta hlâno tacha khizaw liata chyhsa zydua he reih miakha a cheihpa nata mohchho miakha a hmâhpa eima châ tahpa Babel o sâhpa asapazy thâtih tawhta hmôtheipa a châ. Châhrasala, Bebel o sâhpa sapa he Abeipa khozie a châ leipa vâta chyhsa zydua cha Abeipa ta ama reih cheipa cha a pananopa khai ha ei tahpa a châ. Chatawh cha Abeipa ta lei chô su to liata chyhsa zudua cha papaipatlahsa haw ta, khihpi chhao cha padua khao veih ei. He he reih chôchâh reina â vaw thaona a châ.
Reih he chyhsazy eima châna maniah apalâhâsatuh chaipa châ ta, reih eima hneipa vâ chyu chyuh heta chyhsazy he sâhrozy hlâta asâh viapa eima châ. Sâhrozy ta reih he hnei taraw ei ta; Châhrasala chyhsazy hawhta ama reih he hmâ phahnai hlei veih ei. Chyhsa deikua pi cha eima reih cheihpa nata hmâpazy heta hmahsiena nata âsosâhna maniah pie ta, khizaw liata hmo a ypa zydua a hneituhpa nata a mohôhtuh chaipa eima châ theina chhâpa chhao a châ.
Reih he chi nata pho a paduatuhpa nata âpahniehna chaipa chhao châ ta, Abeipa Khazohpa ta chi nata pho padua n’awpa ta chhaichhi châta a hmâpa chhao a châ hra. Eima reih hmâpa heta eima châna chi nata pho liata maniah pasiasa ta, chi hropa nata pho hropazy chhao ta eima reih hmâpa tawhna heta eima châna-ano la Marapa, Laipa, Tlaikaopa, Kâlapa, Viahpa, etc. na a châ tahpa maniah ama pathlua-pathlâ thei tyh. Eima pahno chyupa hawhta reih heta moh eihpa hnei chyu ta, atlâhpipa ta ama chi nata pho moh phaopa ta ‘Reih’ he moh a hneipa a châ. Pamosana ta- Keimo Marapazy ta reih eima hneipa moh reina châta eima hmâpa cha ‘Mara reih’ tahpa a châ. Chahawhna hrata chi hro pho hropazy chhao ta ama reih moh hnei chyu hra ei ta- Pawi/Lai reih, Lushai/Mizo/Tlaikao reih, Kâla reih, Viah reih, etc. tahpa ta pahnopa a châ lymâ hra.
Khizaw liata reih hmâ haipa
Khizaw liata reih a ypazy thâtih nata chhichâna dopa pahno awpa ta chakhie charieh viapa nata a kawh viapa ta âchuna a hnei haipa SIL International zyta khizaw liata reih hmâ haipazy cha ‘database’ pha kawpa ta ‘Ethnologue’ liata so lymâ ei ta. Kô 2005 liata khizaw liata reih hmâ haipa ‘SIL International’ nahzy ta ‘database’ liata ama sopa zydua cha 6,912 a châ. Hezy hry tawhta 32.8 % (2, 269) cha Asia liapahlô liata pahrâpazy reih ama hmâ ngâhaipa zie châ ta, 30.3% (2,092) he Africa liapahlô liata pahrâpazy reih hmâ ngâhaipa zie a châ hra.
Khizaw liata reih zydua he Abeipa ta a khona zie hawhta a taopa sai châ ta; Chadeikua, a reih pasôna châh a pahno leipa momaih zy cha ama chheipâh liata a ypa, chi hro pho hropazy tlybaipa ta y lymâ ei ta, ama chi nata pho moh taihta ama pahlei tyh tahpa ta athaiso viapazy ta ama rei tyh. Âmo râh liata azipa ama châ tyhpa tlai kha ‘Râh pazu ta o pazu a pho’ ama tahpa hawhta khichhaipa lâ âlie ha ei ta, ama râh chhôh liata biehnei thei khao leipa ei ta, opha lyuphapa chhao hnei thei khao hra veih ei. He zydua he achhâ chaipa, Reih lâchhâh chakhie charieh viapa ta achupa nahzy reina dâh liata cha ama reih pasôna châh pahno leipa ei ta, ama reih ama khâsia leipa vâta a châ ama tah.
Reih lâchhâh âchupazy reina dâh liata cha ama reih hmâhtuhpa ahnei chyhpa nata a khâsia pha khao leipazy cha chhâ avaw y laih lymâ awpa liata ama reih he apahlei laih lymâ thlâh ha awpa ama châ zie reih ei ta, khizaw liata reih hmâ haipa 6,912 hry tawhta âkhophiezy (3,000) cha kô 2100 eima tlô hlâta a hmâhtuhpa nata a khâsia tuhpa y khaoleipa ta âmua/thipamo thei thlâh habâ awpa hawhta reipa a châ. He hawhta duahmo pha khao leipa liata âdua hâpazy chôchâh rei n’awpa ta khizaw liata reih cheipa âchupazy/alaichadaipazy (linguistic) ta cha – ‘Reih a thi thei thlâh ha awpa duahmo liata âduah hapa (endangered languages)’ tahpa ta ama reih tyh. Reih a thi theipazy duahmo achuna he a kawh viapa ta pachhai pachhuah via laih heihpa châ ta: Reih âboh leipa (unsafe), reih thi cheingei awpa (definitely endangered), reih thi thei awpa ta chichhih habâpa (severely endangered), reih thi thlâh ha thei bâ awpa ta pachâchhie âchhihpa (critically endangered) nata reih âmua hapa/reih thipamo hapa (extinct) tahpazy ta pachhai pachhuahpa a châ.
Kô 2009 Hmypi 19 liana khata United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) zyta khizaw liata ‘Reih’ hmâ haipazy duahmo chakhie charieh kawpa ta nata reih chhichâna a eih hrâh viapa ta amâ chuna (research) thâtih siapa zawpizy hnota phualuana hnei ei ta, cha liata reih 2,500 zy cha athi thei thlâh ha awpa duahmo liata âduah hapa (endangered languages) hawhta ama reih. UNESCO zy reina dâh tacha khizaw liana he reih hmâ haipa 6,000 hlâta hluh via a ypa hawhta rei ei ta, chazy hry tawhta reih 200 pazy cha chhâthôh (last three generation) akhô hapa chhôh liana khata a hmâtuhpa y khaoleipa ta ama thipamo hapa hawhta ama reih hra.
Khizaw liata reih hmâ haipazy hry tawhta reih 538 zy cha a thi thlâh ha thei bâ awpa ta pachâchhie âchhihpa (critically endangered) hawhta pahnopazy châ habâ ei ta, reih 502 zy chhao thi thei awpa ta chi achhih habâpa (severely endangered) hawhta reipa a châ hra. Chahawhna hrata, reih 632 zy cha a thi cheingei awpa (definitely endangered) hawhta pachâpa châ ei ta, reih 607 zy chhao reih âboh khao leipa (unsafe) hawhta pahno haipa a châzie chhao UNESCO zyta ama rei hra.
UNESCO nahzy ta India râh chhôh liata reih duahmo pha khaoleipa ama hmô papuapazie cha 196 châ ta, atlâhpipa ta he reih 196 zy he Maw-Nochhi lâchhâh, Himalayan belt nata Indo-China râhri lâchhâh liata pahrâpazy reih a châpa hawhta reipa a châ. Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Andra Pradesh nata Tamil Nadu liazy chhao reih duahmo pha khao leipa, athi thei thlâh ha awpa duahmo liata âduah hapazy (endangered languages) he a y hôlô hrapa hawhta pahnopa a châ hra. Hezy hry tawhta reih duahmo pha khao leipa ta pahnopa âlâhâh viapazy cha Mizo Tawng, Ladakhi (Jammu & Kashmir), Lepcha (Sikkim & West Bengal District) zy ama châ. (Achô liata India râh chhôh liata reih duahmo pha khaoleipa palâsapazy he International level liata thliena a châ).
Reih duahmo chhie nata pha pahnona
Reih lâchhâh âchupazy ta khizaw liata reih thokhazy a thi thei thlâh ha awpa duahmo liata âduah hapazy (endangered languages) pahno thei n’awpa ta ngiana nata thliena eih hrâhpa hnei ei ta, he hawhta a châ.
• Pikheipa reih hmâ haipa maluh zie tawhta.
• Pikheipa reih (mother tongue) hmâhtuhpa kô nata asia kawpa nata thai kawpa ta pikheipa reih ahmâ theipa maluh tawhta.
• Asia kawpa nata thai kawpa ta pikheipa reih ahmâ theipa thyutliapazy maluh zie tawhta zy nata, Reih hmâ haipa apha kawpa nata asia kawpa ta âvaopa (document languages) ziezy tawhta thliena (khopathliana) he taopa a châ.
Micheal Krauss tacha “Khizaw liata reih a ypa zydua (6,912) hry tawhta âkhophiezy he cha tahmâ tawhta kô 50 – 100 avaw y awpa liata ahmâtuhpa y leipa ta âmua thlâh habâ awpa zie reih ta. Achhâpa cha pitlohpazy (kô uhthei hapazy) ngâlâh ta ama pihkheipa reih hmâ bâ ei ta, ama tu-sawzy hnota ama pachu pachhuah khao leipa vâta a châ” a tah. He heta a palâsapa cha eima nôpaw nahzy ta ama tu-sawzy hnota ama pikheipa reih ama pachu pachhuah khao leipa a châ khiahta cha chhâ avaw y laih lymâ awpa liata ama tusawzy ta âmo pathlatuhpa reih thai khao leipa aw ei ta, reih hropa ama hmâ thei habâ aw tahpa a chhopasia kaw.
Ethnographer nahzy reina dâh tacha Japan râh liata reih sâkha ‘Ainu’ ama tahpa reih he daihti reileipa liata a thi thei awpa hawhta ama reih. Achhâpa cha, tahmâ nota ‘Ainu’ reih ahmâhtuhpa he maluh 300 hlei ngâlâh cha bâ ei ta, hezy hry tawhta maluh 15 zy ngâlâh ta ‘Ainu’ reih he asianô kawpa nata thai kawpa ta hmâ thei bâ ei ta, ahluh via syulyu ta ‘Ainu’ reih he asia kawpa nata thai kawpa ta ama hmâ thei khao leipa vâta a châ.
India râh liapahlô sâkha ‘Adaman’ ama tahpa apahrâpa nahzy reih hmâpa he Japan liata Ainu reih ahmâhtuhpazy hawhta maluh chyh kawbâ taraw ei ta; Anodeikua kô zabi thiehpa avaw y awpa liata chhao ama reih he âboh lymâ chy awpa hawhta pachâpa ama châ. Achhâpa cha a hawtipa tawhta a uhthei chaipa taihta Adaman reih he asia kawpa nata thai kawpa ta hmâh thei khai ei ta, nôpawzy ta ama tu-sawzy hnota ama reih he ama pachu pachhuah laih lymâpa vâta a châ.
Chahawhna hrata Hawaiin reih ahmâhtuhpa he maluh 1,000 ngâlâh châ habâ hra taraw hra ei ta; Châhrasala ama duahmo he a pha kaw hlâ chy. Achhâpa cha ama pikheipa reih he Kindergarten (KG) tawhta College taihta achu ei ta, chahleikhopa ta nôpawzy ta ama tu-sawzy hnota ama pachu pachhuah laih lymâ chypa vâta a châ hra.
Reih he ahneituhpazy ta ama hmâ khao lei nahta he ‘Reih duahmo pha khaoleipa’ tlyma, ‘Reih thipa’ tlyma tahpa ta reipa a châ tyh. Reih thipa eima tahpa he atlâhpipa ta reih hropa ta âthla hapa vâta a châ chai tyh hra. Pamosana ta, American nah he ama pikheipa reih (Native language) hmâh lilâ khao leipa ei ta, khichhaipa reih – English, French, Spanish or Portuguese reih zyta tlao a khu khai habâ ei.
Reih thokhazy cha chyhsa hluh via ta ama hmâh/cheih khaoleipa, reih thi hapa hawhta eima pachâpazy he su thokha viz. Scientiftic, Law (dâh), Awnanopa hmo liazy ta hmâ phahnaipa ama châ tyh hra. Sanskrit, Latin, Old Church, Slavonic, Avestan, Coptic nata Old Tibetan zy he reih thi hapa hawhta pachâpa ama cha tarawpa ta hmo mohchho zy, bie nata hla âkhiakhi viapazy chhopasiana nata reipasiana châta hmâpa ama châ thlâh pyly. He hawhpa reihzy he ‘Secret Language’ tahpa ama châ.
Reih thina chhâpa
Reih thina chhâpa he rei awpa hluhpi a y. Reih chôchâh lâchhâh ta chakhie charieh kawpa achupazy ta amâ chuna tawhta reih thina chhâpa amâ chupapuapa atlâhpi viapa ta ama reipazy cha: Sôdaohna (business) vâta zy, Zyhna (religious) vâta zy, Politics vâta zy, Nôvah âhneipahlaona (intermarriage) vâta zy, Suhrolâ âpaihpa/yna su âpasie vâta zy, Hmahsiena/râh âsosâhna (development) vâta zy, Reih nanopa sâno hmâpahlaopa (bilingual) vâta zy, Zawpi hnohta thâtih chhona (Media- Television, Radio, Thâtihbu, etc.) vâta zy, Chariah vâta zy a châ. Hezy hleikhôpa heta reih thina chhâpa rei thei awpa hluhpi a y aw, châhrasala, achô liata ei palâsapazy he reih thina chhâpa ta ama reipa âlâhâh viapazy a châ.
Reih chôchâh lâchhâh âchupazy reina dâh tacha, “Reih he hmohro hneipa nata sibiepa chi âpathla pachhuah theipazy hawhta chipathla pachhuahna (gene) hnei hra leipa ta, a hmâtuhpa (reih cheih tuhpa) liata âpahnie” tahpa a châ. A yzie cha reih hmâhtuhpa hmâzie hawhta reih he ânano thei lymâ tahna a châ. Yna su ânanopa vâta reih ânanopazy chhao he hmo y theipa a châ hra. Chavâta, reih hmâh hluh viapa nata aphapa ta a khâsia viapazy cha reih hneirôhpa châ aw ta, khizaw a y chhôh zydua cha âduah papua lymâ hra aw tahna a châ.
Scientist moh pathâhpa Charles Darwin ta ‘theory’ a hmô papuapa, yzie âthu kawpa a hneipa “Survival of the fittest” avaw tahpa hawhta ‘Reih’ ama hmâ hluh viapa nata a khâsiatuhpa phapa a hneipa, âki chochâ viapazy cha âduah papua aw ei ta, hmahsiena rai ahnei leipa nata a hmâhtuhpa nata a khâsiatuhpa a hnei leipa ‘Reih’ zy deikua cha disaopa ta ama y lymâ aw tahna a châ. Reih thokhazy he cha reih hropa hlâta âki chochâ via ta, a hmâzie chhao pha via hra ta, sôdaohna nata zawpi âhmaohnazy liata hmâpa reih avaw châ pâlao heihna tacha reih hmahsiepa nata âsosâhpa a châ ha tyh. He heta a palâsapa cha eima reih hmâ haipa he reih hneirôhpa nata hmahsiepa ta tao awpa tacha eima pikheipa reih (mother tongue) he eima hmâ hluh awpa nata apha kawpa ta eima khâsia awpa ângiah tahpa maniah a chhopasia kaw.
Mara reih
Mara reih he chi hro pho hropazy reih nata ânanona a hnei. He hawhta a châ: Reih cheipa (spoken language) nata chârona reih (written language) eima hneipa he a châ. Mara reih cheina châta eima hmâ haipa he hmiala liata cha hly pangaw viz. Tlôsaih-Siaha reih, Chapi-Ngiaphia reih, Zyhno reih, Hawthai reih nata Vyhtu reih tahpa ta pachhaihpa châ tyh ta, kô 2009 kô thaona liata Forest & Environment Department Conference Hall, MADC, Siaha liata Art & Culture Department, MADC zy Seminar pachhuanohpa liata ama rei dâh tacha tahmâ nota Nochhi Mara nata Notla Mara zyta reih eima hmâ haipa he hly chaki (9) a ypa hawhta reipa a châ ha heih bâ. (Mara reih hly 4 a y viapa hawhta Seminar liata ama reipa he ama reih mohzy ei pahno khaoleipa vâta vaw palâsa thei khao va na). He reih cheihpa hly 5-9 pazy he ama reih hmâpa nocha cheih ei ta, châhrasala eima zydua ta eima reih cheihpa nata hmâpa he âpahno veichâh pi ta, eimâ thei veichâh thei khai hra.
Mara reih cheina (spoken language) châta eima hmâpa nahzy he chârona châta hmâpa châ leipa ei ta; Anodeikua, tahmâhlâ khizaw âsosâhna ta atlôkheipa nata asapapuapa ‘internet’ nata ‘Mobile phone’ hmâpa ta bie âchhona (text messages & e-mail) liata zy deikua reih hlykha a hmâpa nahzy tacha âmo reih hmâpazy ta bie amâ chho tyh. Châhrasala Marapa chi zydua pahlypa ta rei thei awpa ta deikua cha Tlôsaih-Siaha reih he hmâpa a châ.
Chârona reih (written language) châta eima hmâ haipa he Tlôsaih-Siaha reih châ ta, Mara reih alphabet maniah a vaw taopatuhpa eima Missionary ta a vaw hmâpa reih chhao a châ hra. Biehrai nata hlabu rohna liata Tlôsaih-Siaha reih he hmâ lymâpa châ ta, West Maraland lâta a ypa Marapazy cha India dâh pipa ta maniah pasaipa hawhta ‘Mara Reih’ he ‘Vernacular’ reih tah âpyhpa a châpa vâta Mara Autonomous District Coucil Office chhôh nata ryureina reih châta hmâpa a châ hleikhô ta achuna Siku liata Py I-VIII na taihta Mara reih he Subject sâkha hawhta âchu lymâpa a châ. Chadei châ vei, Mara reih he India nata Myanmar râh chhôh ngâlâh lia dei châ leipa ta, khizaw liata chhao Bible Society of India siepahliepa ta reih sâkha hawhta pahnopa a châ hra.
Mara chizy râhzohpa eima châna tawhta khaina lâ maniah chhihthatuh awpa ta Abeipa ta ahmâpa nata aw papuapa, Krista pheisaih riahphapa R.A. Lorrain ta Marapazy hnota thâtihpha chhona awpa nata chârona awpa ta a vaw hmâpa a châpa vâta keimo Marasaw zydua chhao pi ta Tlôsaih-Siaha reih he Reih cheina (spoken language) châta eima hmâ thei leipa chhaota chârona reih (written language) châta chhâ cha eima hmâ laih lymâ awpa a châ. Tlôsaih-Siaha reih liata âki chochâ thai leipa, Mara reih a châ hlâ tlôhpazy (Chapi-Ngiaphia, Zyhno, Hawthai, Vyhtu, etc. reih) cha chârona châta eima hmâpa Tlôsaih-Siaha reih liana heta eima pahlaopâ laih hra awpa a châ. He he Mara reih a pahneirôhsatuh nata apaki-chochâ sa tuh awpa chhao avaw châ hra aw.
Mara reih achuna reih châta hmâ pathaona
Missionary nôvah zyta ‘Mara reih’ ta tlaita chârei nata roh ama vaw pachu tuachaipa cha Puhpa Sâro, Tisôpi khihpa kha a châ. Puhpa Sâro he Missionary nôvah zyta Mara reih amâ vaw chuna daihti liata ama baotuh phai chaipa a châ. Lakher Pioneer Missionary R.A. Lorrain nôvah zy khata kô 1908 liata Siku padua ei ta, âthaono tacha Marasaw châ pachu awpa chhao hnei leipa ei ta, hawti châ pachu awpa ama hnei tlakaipa chhao Lushei nata Pawi chyhsazy ama châpa vâta Lushei reih ta ama pachu. Vaili Mahpaw (R.A. Lorrain) ta he hawhta a châbu liata a vaw roh:
“Thla charu eima y tawhta Lushei chapaw hawti papalih mohôh awpa hnei pi ta, Lushei reih eima thai chhôhpa ta chârei nata roh pachu pi ta, daihti reilei ta liata hawti pahraw hleikha lâta kaw pô ei ta, ama hry liata pasari he Lushei pho châ ei ta, papalihpazy dei cha ‘Chin’ tlymâ ‘Poi’ ama tahpa pho ama châ.”
He hawti nahzy he thlano nata âkhophie amâ chu tawhta ama khih lâ amâ lie lilaw khai haw. He hawhta hawti châ pachu awpa ama hnei khao leipa vâta daihti reilei ta chhôh cha Siku chhao ama khaw pângâpa kha a châ. Pachu awpa hawti ama hnei lei daihti nota Vaili Mahpaw biereipa he eima mo khiahtala Marapazy tha maniah apasa zie âlâ pasia hmeiseih. He hawhta a châbu liata a vaw roh:
“Siku hawti eima chie padâh hapa vâta deikua la pei ta hlei mapi, he râh lia âkhy pi ta Siku eima paduana chhâpa he Lushei reih ta châ pachu awpa ta âkhypa châleipa pi ta, eimâ chhuah chaipa he Lakher hawti Siku pangiasa ta ama reih cheingei ta châ pachu awpa nata mohôh awpa ta âkhypa tlao eima châ.”
Daihti rei a sie hlâtâ Marapa saw hry tawhta chârei nata roh achu khopa ama hneipakhua ha heihpa vâta Siku cha pahy pakhua heihpa a châ. Marasaw chârei nata roh pachu awpa hawhti ama hnei tawhta ‘Mara reih’ he achuna reih châta hmâpa a vaw châ lymâ ha bâ. ‘Chutuana bu’ (The Primer) Vaili Mahpaw taopa chhao Assam sawhkhâ ta asaipa ta khawchhuh taopa ei ta, he châbu he Marasaw chârei nata roh âchu hmiatuapazy ta Mara reih ta rohpa châbu ama vaw hnei tuachaipa chhao a châ.
Marasaw chârei nata roh âchu khopa avaw pô via lymâ ei ta, Saikao khih liata ‘Mission Siku’ liata cha a katloh khaoleipa ei ta, chatanachata kô 1936 tawhta Mara râh (Nochhi nata Notla Mara râh) liata khih lai viapa nata Mission Station, Saikao khih tawhta lâhla viapa maih liata Missionary nahzy ta Siku ama vaw padua chhi via lymâ. Kô 1936 – 1939 chhôh ta Mara râh chhôh liata Missionary zyta Siku ama vaw paduapa he azydua ta sâhraw (10) a châ. Pachutuhpazy he Saikao khih liata Mission Siku tawhta nata Lolei nata Aizawl tawhta Marasaw chârei nata roh avaw chu patlôpazy châ ei ta, he hawhta a châpa vâta Siku ama padua thiehpa liana heta chârei nata roh deileipa cha pachu hropa hnei veih ei. Saikao khih liata Mission Siku lia ngâlâh ta py palih (Cl-IV) taihta achu theina Primary Siku a y.
Kô 1947 tawhta Rev. A. B. Lorrain Foxall ta Siku sâhrawhleikha (11) Mara râh chhôh liata padua chhi via heih ta. Chatanachata, hmiala ta ama padua chiehpa nata pahlyhpa ta azydua ta syno nata sâkha (21) tlai Mara râh chhôh liata achuna Siku pahypa a vaw cha haw bâ. Kô 1947 lia pyly ta Saikao khih liata Mission Siku cha Middle English School lâta pasuapa a châ haw hra. Kô 1947 liata India râh ta British sawhkhâ ryureina ry tawhta khotalaina (independent) a hmô tawhna khata cha Assam State sawhkhâ ta Mission Siku zydua sawhkhâ ta la khai habâ awpa âchhuah ha ta. Marapa râh liata Missionary nahzy ta Siku ama vaw paduapa Saikao khih liata Middle English School sâkha nata Mara râh chhôh (India Mara râh) liata Primary Siku nah zydua cha kô 1948 pa liana khata Assam State sawhkhâ ku liata hlâpa a vaw cha haw. Saikao khih liata Middle English Schhol he Mizoram pôpalôhpa liata M.E. Schhol padua tuachaipazy hry liata pahlaopa a châ hra.
Achô liata ei za palâsapa hawhta Missionary zyta achuna siku Mara râh chhôh liata ama vaw paduapazy liata pachuna reih ‘medium of instruction’ châta ama hmâpa he ‘Mara reih’ (Tlôsaih-Siaha reih) châ ta, achuna buzy chhao Vaili Mahpaw taopa a châ hra. Kô 1908–1948 taihta Mara râh chhôh liata Siku a ypa zydua liata cha ‘Mara reih’ sai ta pachupa a châ lymâ.
Pachuna châta hmâ awpa reih (medium of instruction) bua pathaona
Kô 1946 liata zawpi vyuhtuapa atlyna hnei awpa ta Tipa ‘V’ khih liata Mara bei nahzy nata Marasaw hry liata sawhkhâ rai ahriapazy tlôpakhy ei ta. He liata ama bie pathlupa apeimawh kawpa sâkha cha Marapa râh chhôh liata Siku zy liana heta khâpa reih ta ma pachupa a châ aw tahpa khito tawhta avaw tlôpakhypazy cha ama pachâna nata khona zie pareisa chyupa châ ei ta. He liata avaw tlôpakhy theipa tawhta chyhsa hluh viazy ta Lushai reih hmâ awpa ama kho via hapa vâta Siku liata achu n’awpa reih châta ‘Lushai Reih’ hmâ awpa ta ama vaw pathlu hapa a châ. He hawhta Lushei reih hmâ awpa ama vaw kho viana chhâ awpa ama reipa achyhta za rei pakawh via heih tua sihla.
Missionary zy ta Mara râh chhôh liata Siku ama vaw padua pathao daihti no he Mizoram liata Awnano lai viapa- Presbytery (Aizawl) nata Baptist (Lunglei) liatahpazy cha achuna o phapa Middle Siku nata High Siku zy taihta ama vaw hnei hmâ haw. He hawhta a châpa vâta Marasaw châthai tuapazy khata Lakher Pioneer Mission (LPM) zy cha Presbytery nata Baptist nahzy ama taopa hawhta taothei hra awpa hawhta pachâna vaw hnei ei ta, LP Missionary nahzy cha Marapazy baona awpa châta Mongyuh râh tawhta baona hluhpi âvypa châ Marapa sawzy achuna nata phana awpa châta a hmâ kholeipa hawhta pachâna chhao ama vaw hnei. Thâtih reina dâh liata cha hezy vâna heta Marapazy ta LPM chô liata palôh tlâhleina vaw hnei ei ta, hla liazy ta ama vaw phipâ ngâpa hawhta reipa a châ. He hawhta hla sâkha châ a y:
‘Marah râh ngiachhi chhih,
Tlôsaipaw ta tyu Marah râh liata;
Tao kho vei Marah sawzy pha nawpa.’
Kô 1948 tawhta India-Mara râh lâta Siku, Missionary zyta ama vaw paduapa cha Assam State Sawhkhâ ku lâta tlokhuta hlâ khaipa vaw châ haw bâ ta. Assam sawhkhâ chhaota Primary Siku liata Mara reih achupa he apha vaw tah ta, Assam Sawhkhâ ta Siku â vaw vao pathaona daihti nota cha Mara reih he Siku liata pachuna reih (medium of instruction) châta âpyhpa chhao a châpa hawhta reipa a châ. Châhrasala, achô liata eima za rei hapa hawhta Marapazy ta Missionary zy chô liata palôh tlâhleina vâta Marasaw cheingei tawhta Siku liata pachuna châta ‘Mara reih’ hmâpa kholeina a vaw y pathaopa a châ. Achhâpa cha, Mara reih he ‘tiria haosa chaka leipa’ hawhta pachâna ama vaw hneipa vâta a châ.
Mara nahzy ta Regional Council taopa awpa ta Sawhkhâ lâ ama hiana mopasia awpa ta kô 1949 liata Puhpa Bartaki, Aizawl DC nata asahlao Officer nahzy cha Marapa râh lâ akhy ei ta. He nota DC hnoh akaw zipa nahzy cha: Das, SDO, Dr. Doliana, Lalchungnunga, SIS, Sainghinga, ADC, Rualkhuma, Over Seer zy ama châ. He nahzy hnohna heta Mara nôpawpa nahzy ta Regional Council pie awpa ama hiah hleikhô ta Siku liata Mara Reih ta châ achu awpa ta ama vaw hiahpâ hra. He vâta Mara reih ta châ pachu awpa a thei nata thei lei pahno n’awpa ta Mara reih châbu khazie tlaima ama hnei tahpa mopasia awpa ta Puhpa Lalchungnunga cha Missionary nah o, Saikao khih lâta pamosapa a châ. Châbu hropa chhao a y bâ thlâh hâ tarawpa ta Solfa achuna bu ngâlâh cha ama châbu hnei chhôhpa a châpa hawhta Missionary khata Puhpa Lalchungnunga hnohna heta avaw chho. Saikao liata ama châh chhôh ta Sawlâkia zy vaw lâpa ei ta, Sangyu ama tlô tawhta châ za paphao ta Mara reih châbu nama hnei leipa vâta Siku liata achu awpa ta Mara reih a thei vei, Lushei reih hmâ chy awpa a châ tahpa bie chhâna a za tao haw. Chatanachata, kô 1948 – 1979 chhôh zydua cha Mara râh liata Primary Siku momaih liata ‘Lushai Reih’ he pachuna reih (medium of instruction) châta hmâpa avaw châ lymâ habâ.
‘Lushai reih’ ta Marapa Siku liata pachu bâ awpa cha pachutuh hmiatuapa Puhpa H. Zacho (L) cha a palôh vaw pasa kaw ta. ‘Mara Reih’ Marapazy ta pachuna reih châta ama hmâ khaolei awpa cha a palôh pasana nata Mara reih a lei thlâh ha bâ awpa a pasai leina cha hla lâta a vaw phipâ ngâpa hawhta reipa a châ. Puhpa H. Zacho (L) he Saikao Primary Siku pachutuh awpa ta Assam Sawhkhâ ta a raopa a châ. A hla phipa cha he hawhta a châ;
“Ei vaw pikhei ei rei cheina,
Alei awpa pasaih va na,
Pasô ei si a ngiana zy;
Thyutlia eima daihti chyu ta.
Khazia ei reih ei pahlei aw,
Chô Khazoh eina piepa cha!
Pasô ei si a ngiana zy,
Thyutlia eima daihti chyu ta.”
Kô 1972 pa liata India Marapazy cha keimo khota ryu areina ‘Mara Autonomous District Council’ (MADC) piepa vaw châ pi ta, kô 1975 liana khata Primary Siku zydua cha MADC biehneina liata sopa a vaw châ heih hra (Government of Mizoram issued an order vide No. EPS 4/74/54 dated the 19th September, 1975). India dâhpipa ‘The Sixth Schedule’ pasaina hawhta Primary Siku liata achuna châta ‘vernacular’ hmâ pasaipa vaw châ heih pi ta. Mara Board of School Education (MBSE, MADC) zy paduapa a châ hleikhô ta kô 1979 tawhta cha Primary achuna liata ‘Mara reih’ hmâpa avaw cha pakhua haw heih. Châhrasala, kô hluhpi Lushei reih ta achupa a châpa vâta Mara reih ta achupa a châ tawh chhaota Mara reih he khodâh hawhta Marapa sawzy hry liata sôh thai khao vei. Châbu rei phapa nata nahpavâh âchhihpa cha Lushei reih ta y khai ha ta, Mara reih ta taopa rei hlao khao hra vei. Tlaikao reih ta maniah adisao khairô ha bâ.
Mara reih liata rei dâh nata roh dâh âdo leipa nata âki leipazy mopasia ta pado-patlâ awpa ta MADC nata Awnanopazy âhrialâhpa nata âbaopasupa ta ‘Mara Literature Board’ zy chhao paduapa a châ hra. He sahlao nahzy heta Mara reih hmâzie doleipa nata âki leipazy mopasiana ama hnei hleikhô ta, pado-patlâ abyuhpa momaih zy mopathipa ta Mara reih hmahsiena awpa lâpi pha viapa ama vaw tlua lymâ. He heta asa papuapa cha kô 1994 pa liana khata ‘Mara Reih Grammer Bu’ achuna châta hmâ thei awpa Puhpa A. Zakia, Siaha, Vaihpi ta a vaw pachhuahpanoh. He he Mara Literature Board nahzy nata MADC chhihtuhpazy khopasana theilâpa tawhta a vaw pihpa a châ eima tah thei hra aw.
Kô 1986 rahchhôhpa tawhta Primary achuna liata ‘Mara reih’ hmâ haipa cha ‘Mongyuh reih’ (English) ta thla khona vaw y heih ta. He khona he District Council biehneituhpazy chhao ta avaw pyhkhei ei ta, chatanachata kô 1979 – 1986 chhôh zydua Primary Siku achuna liata Mara reih hmâ tyhpa cha English ta thlapa avaw cha haw heih. Daihti reilei ta chhôh cha Pachutuhpazy rairuna nata Sawhkhâ sôh adai leina zy vâta Mara reih ta hmâ pazao pakhuapa avaw cha heih hra.
Kô 1994 ta Middle Siku amohôhna chhao cha Mizoram State sawhkhâ ta MADC sawhkhâ hnota biehna a vaw pie heih hra ei (Government of Mizoram issued an order vide No. B.20013/3/94-END dated Aizawl the 1stAugust, 1994). Chatanachata, kô 1998 rachhôhpa tawhta Mara Autonomous District Council chhôh liata Primary nata Middle siku achuna bu nata achuna reih zydua cha Mongyuh reih ta thla khaipa a vaw châ haw. Mara reih he ‘vernacular’ a châna hawhta tahmâ cha MADC ry liata Siku a ypazy Primary Siku nata Middle Siku achuna bu subject sâkha hawhta achupa vaw châ ta, ‘Mara Reih – Achuna Bu, Class I-VIII’ tahpa cha tahmâ he hmâ haipa a châ. ‘Mizo Tawng’ chhao Modern Indian Language (MIL) vyuhpa ta achuna bu sâkha (Subject sâkha) hawhta Primary nata Middle Sikuzy liata pachupa a châ hra.
Siku pachuna reih châta hmâ awpa khotlyna heta Mara reih thata pabua ta, Marapa saw châthai hmiatuapa nata sawhkhâ raihria tuapazy pachâ pasina vâta Mara râh chhôh liata achuna châta reih hmâ awpa cha khichhaipa reih, a eih viapa ta ‘Lushai reih’ eima vaw lapangia hapa a châ. He he Mara râh chhôh liata reih hropa hmâ pathaona a châ hleikhô ta Mara reih azyh zyhta ta a padiahsatuhpa hmiatua chaipa a châ.
Sawhkhâ ryureina reih châta Mara reih hmâ pathaona
Notla lâta Marapazy pi he Lai chyhsazy nata pahlypa ta kô 1953 pa ta Pawi-Lakher Regional Council piepa châ pi ta, Regional Council supipa chhao Siaha liata sopa a châ. Regional Council Office nata Ryureina liata ‘Lushai reih’ hmâpa a châ hleikhô ta Customary Law zy taihta Mizo Customary âhlypa a châ. Chadei châ vei, kô 1948 tawhta Marapa râh chhôh liata Siku a ypa zydua liata pachuna châta Mizo reih hmâ bâ awpa tahpa a châ hra. Hezy vâna heta Marapa sawzy ta chi hropazy nata y khopa riethei vaw tah pathao ei ta. Chatanachata Marasaw hry tawhta chhihtuh viapa nata châthai viapazy ta Pawi chyhsa nata Sawhkhâna sâkha ta siekhei ngâthlâh ha awpa vaw kho khao leipa ei ta, keimo ta tlaita ryureina no-eihpa hneikhona a vaw lai pathao lymâpa a châ. Marapasaw châta a no-eih ta ryureina hnei awpa he Mara beizy daihti no tawhta chhaota British-India sawhkhâ hnota ama vaw hiah chiehpa a châ.
Kô 1963, January pa ta Zyhno khih liata Marapa sawzy âhmaoh pakhyna (Mara Convention) pahruapa châ ta. He liata Mara bei nata nôpawpa atlôpakhypazy ta reirao ngâsâpa ta Marapa sawzy châta ryureina no-eihpa hiah awpa apha vaw tah ei tah. Zawpizy vyupa ta tao byuhpa nata hriabyupazy hria lymâ awpa ta Political Party padua awpa a phapa ta pahnopa a châpa vâta Mara beizy nata nôpawpazy paryhsana hawhta Political party thiehpa cha paduapa a vaw châ haw. Party moh châta ‘Mara Freedom Party’ (MFP) tahpa ta biepa a châ. Mara Freedom Party he Maraland chhôh liata Political Party, chi nata pho, ti nata râh pabohsa khopa vâta Political Party adua tuachaipa a châ. Mara Freedom Party aduana chhâ chaipa cha Marapazy châta District Council no eihpa hnei awpa khona vâta a châ.
Kô 1965 January ta Saikao khih liata MFP General Assembly ei – 4 na hneipa châ ta. He Assembly liata atlôpakhypazy heta Pawi-Lakher Regional Council tawhta ala pathlahna bietluna vaw tao ha ei ta, Mara District padua ta Marapa kuphei tlaita ryureina atao bâ awpa ta reirao ngâsâpa ta ama vaw pathlu haw. Chatanachata, India nata Assam Sawhkhâ pahnokhei awpa tlaita Mara Interim District Council châ ama padua. He liata ama biepathlupazy cha India nata Assam Sawhkhâ pahnosapa châ ta, Council ama hiahna ‘Memorandum’ liata chhao pahlaopa a châ hra. Leimâ (tax), House tax nata Sadô & Leipalie tax- zy Pawi-Lakher Regional Council Office liata ama pangia tyhpa zydua chhao cha Mara Interim District Office liata pangia khaipa a cha habâ hra. Office liata hriatuhpazy chhao Pawi-Lakher Regional Council Office tawhta a bâh penawh sahlaozy hmâpa châ ei ta, Office chhôh nata ryureina liata Mara reih hmâ pathaopa a vaw cha haw hra.
Daihti reilei ta chhôh Pawi-Lakher Regional Council Sawhkhâna â pazao pakhua heihpa châ ta, chatanachata kô 1972 pa liata Marapazy châ keimo khota ryu arei theina eih-hrâhpa ‘Lakher Autonomous District Council’ cha piepa eima vaw châ haw. Ryureina eih-hrâhpa eima vaw hnei tawhta âtanoh taihta Mara Autonomous District Council râh chhôh liata cha ‘Mara Reih’ he India dâhpipa pasaina hawhta Office nata ryureina reih châta hmâpa a vaw châ lymâ ha bâpa a châ.
Mara reih duasu
Mara reih duasu he pakhata ta eima mopasiapa a châ khiahta la a duasu pha khao vei tahpa hmôtheipa a châ. Reih lâchhâh achupazy saina dâh nata hmôna dâh ahlykheipa ta Mara reih duasu tahmâ nota âlâna dâh tlâhpi viapa mo pasia eimâ chhuah heih hra tua aw. Mara reih azyh zyhta ta a padiahsatuhpa nata a pabuatuh chaipazy cha atlâhpipa ta he hawhta a châ:
Sâkhana liata cha, râh chhôh liata Politics siezie adoleina tawhta a châ. Politics he hmâ padopa achâleipa khiahta cha reih hmâpa chôchâh liata rairuna hluhpi a tlôkhei thei. MADC biehneina chhôh liata eima râh chhituhpazy pachâ pasina nata taochheina vâta MADC âtlyhna daihti liata Lushei reih a hmâhpa pano-pathôh daihmâ tlai âtlyhpatlohpa ama cha pathao lymâ ha bâ! He dei châ vei, MLA âtlyhna liata Lushai reih a hmâhpa chyhsazy ta amâ vaw taw (candidate) ngâ lymâ habâ hra. Ryureina eih-hrâhpa eima hneichhôhpa MADC sawhkhâ ry liata Mara reih athai leipa (Peon, Clerk, LDC,UDC tawhta Officer taihta) rai a hriapazy ama y hôlô. He zydua he ryureituhpazy taochheipa a châ.
Râh chhôh liata zawpi pahrâpazy reih hly (Official Language/Common Language) hmâ awpazy he sawhkhâ taopa châ ta, achuna su (school – university) zy liata hmâ awpa reih taihta biehneina ama hnei tyh. Mara râh chhôh liata reih hmâpa he â chapai-chari kaw bâ. Khih moh zy, tlâh moh zy, chavah moh zy nata sôdaoh moh zy he Lushei reih saita rohpa a châ. He hmo he Lusheipa chyhsa ta atao raruapa châleipa ta keimo a râh hneituhpazy taothai lei vâ nata pahnothai lei vâta a châ. He heta a palâsapa cha Politics chhiena nata hmâ padoleina râh liata cha chi chyhnawh viapazy reih cha anaosia kawpa ta disaopa ama cha thei lymâ aw tahpa a palâsa.
Sânona liata cha, Zyhna he reih hmâpa chôchâh liata âzaona âthu kawpa a hnei. Zyhna thokhazy cha ama Khazohpa achhyna daihti liata hmâpa reih no eih viapazy hnei ei ta, Biehrai nata Hlabu hawpazy chhao ama pikheipa reih ta ama hnei leipa vâta reih hropa (khichhaipa reih) a hmâpazy chhao ama y hra. Chahawhna hrata, thokhazy cha zyhna vâta ama chi-pho leipazy hnota pahrâlâhpa abyuh ta, Awnanopa zawpi reih hmâ hluh viapa âhlykheipazy chhao a byuh hra. Hezy hleikhôpa ta reih awpa hluhpi a y aw. Châhrasala, atlâhpipa ta tahmâ ta eima za reih hapa hawhta Zyhna vâ heta chyhsa hluhpi cha ama pikheipa reih ama pahlei hapa a châ.
Chahawhna hrata, keimo Mara râh chhôh liata Awnanopazy he eima za mopasiapa a châ khiahtala palôhpasa âchhih hmeiseih. Mara râh liata khihpi viapa viz. Siaha, Tipa nata Amobyu zy liata Evangeligal Church of Maraland, India (ECM) Awnanopa, ‘Lushei Reih’ ahmâhpa Local Church sâcharie (8 Local Churches) tlai ama y cha maw! ECM Awnanopa liata chakaona raihria haipa Pastor Mara reih a hmâh thai leipazy chhao ama ypâ hôlô lao heih chu! Cha hleikhôpa ta, Mara reih ta rohpa ECM Hqrs: Siaha tawhta thlato chhieh apuapa ‘Krizyhpa Chiamie’ eima hnei tlahkaipa liata chhao âkhophie daihmâ he ‘Lushai reih’ ta rohpa a châ pathao lymâ heih hra! Mongyuhpa chyhsa hmâta Mara reih roh thai ta, a reih thai khiahta cha khâzia keimo Marasaw cheingeipa tlaipi heta Mara reih he eima thai thei vei tahpa pachâna eina pahneisa kaw. Achô liata Awnanopa sâ – 8 pazy maluh nata chakaotuhpa Pastor nata hriatuh hropa zy maluh he statistical record book sianôpa ei hneileipa vâta palâsa theileipa na ta pei ei tah kaw.
Kô A.D. 2000 liana khata Siaha khihpi chhôh liata zyhna (Religion) nano nanopa syno (20) rachhôh y ta, hezy tawhta Awnano lai viapa thokha zy cha: Isua Krista Lairam Baptist Kohran zy, United Penticostal Church (M) zy, Mizoram Baptist zy, Mizoram Presbyterian zy, Roman Catholic zy, Isua Krista Kohran zy, Isua Kohran zy, Salvation Army zy, Seventh Day Adventist zy, Kohran Thianghlim zy, Mission for Christ zy, Lal Chhungkua zy nata Ephraim Awnanopa zy ta Mara râh khihpi chaipa chhôh liata yna su amâ pary khai ha bâ. He Awnanopazy he atlâhpipa ta ‘Lushai reih’ a hmâhpa sai châ ei ta, Siaha khichhôh liata Chhyna O sypali nata sâcharu (46) a ypa hry tawhta Chhyna O sâhraw (10) zy ngâlâh ta Mara reih ama hmâh. Achô liata palâsapa Awnanopa liata Marasaw a ypa hluhpi chhao ama y. Awnanopa thokhazy chhochhi châ Siaha khihpi liata achuna Siku a hneipazy chhao y hôlô ei ta, he hawpazy heta Mara râh chhôh liata reih hmâpa thata pabua ta, azyh zyh ta Mara reih apadiahsa via ngâ kawpa a châ.
Sâthôhna liata cha, Sôdaohna heta reih hmâpa thata apanano thei. Sôdaohna su he atlâhpipa ta chi-pho hropa, reih nano nanopa a hmâpazy y pakhyna su châ ta, Sôdaohna hmobaozy chhao mohchho nanopa ahneipa sai a châ hra. He hawhta a châpa vâta vâtlâh ta hmâpa reih hly (common language) eih viapazy chhao hnei leitheileipa ei ta, atlâhpipa ta a hmâtuhpa a hneihluh viapa nata reih âki chochâ viapazy cha hmâpa a châ lymâ. Pamosana: Mongyuh reih he khizaw ta eima hmâpa reih (international common language) hawhta a châpa vâta sôdaohna su liata cha hmâpa a châ lymâ. Shillong Police Bazar liata zy, Fancy Bazar-Kolkata liata zy, Paltan Bazar- Guwahati liata zy nata India râh dei châvei, Khizaw liata sôdaohna su momaih liata cha Mongyuh reih he atlâhpipa ta ama hmâh thei khai. He hawhta a châpa vâta reih a hmâhtuhpa nata a khâsia tuhpa a hnei lilâ leipazy cha khichhaipa reih ta a disao lymâ aw ei tahna a châ.
Mara râh liata chhao sôdaohna vâta Mara reih he thata pahlei hapa a châ ha bâ! Siaha khih he Mizoram State chho bia lâchhâh liata sôdaohna supipa a châna hawhta khihpi chhôh liata apahrâpa chyhsazy he Mara chyhsa ngâlâh châ thai khaoleipa pi ta, chi-pho hropa maniah apahrâlâhpazy chhao ama hluh ngâsâ bâ. Chahawhna hrata, chi-pho hropa Siaha, Tipa, Amobyu nata Phura zy liata sôdaohna vâta nata raihrianazy vâta khihsana â-i-hapa hluhpi chhao ama y.
Kô 2000 A.D. pa liata Mara râh khihpi Siaha liata chyhsa apahrâpa, chi-pho nano nanopazy duahmo cha he hawhta a châ:
Figure No. 1.
Kô 2000 A.D. pa liata Siaha khihchhôh liata apahrâpa maluh duahmo he eima mo khiahta cha Mara chyhsa a châ leipa, chi-pho hropa nahzy he ama zydua ta pahlyhpakhypa ta maluh 9, 695 châ ei ta, Marasaw he maluh 9, 229 eima châ hra. Chatanachata, Marapa khihpi Siaha liata chi-pho hropazy cha Marapa hlâta maluh 466 tlaita ama hluh via haw!
Kô 2005 liata Siaha khichhôh liata odyh zie nata chhôhto raihriana (Ownership of Houses and Occupation of Household) Saiha District Statistical Hand Book tawhta â lâna dâh cha he hawhta a cha hra:
Fig. No. – 2
Siaha khih he Vaih sâhraw (10) ta pachhaihpa châ ta, kô 2005 pa liata vaih to liata o (house) nata ody (household) a ypa zie nata chyhsa pahrâpa maluh zie cha ary liata fig. no.-3 liata palâsapa hawhna heta a châ heih hra:
Mizoram Statitical Hand Book kô 2008 (as on 1.2.2008) liata District Wise, Block Wise nata Town Wise- Odyh zie nata Maluh pahrâpa zie palâsana liata Mara râh duahmo âlâna dâh cha he hawhta a châ:
He achô liata figure no. – 1, 2, 3 & 4 palâsapazy tawhna khita Mara râh khihpi Siaha liata Marasaw apahrâpa maluh zie awpa cha eima kaw pachâdy thai nahta pangiasa âchhih. Kô 2000 (fig.no.–1) pa liata Siaha Town chhôh liata apahrâpa maluh zydua cha 18,924 châ ei ta, kô 2005 (fig.no.–3) liata maluh 19,263 eima châ hra. Chatanachata, kô pangaw (2000 – 2005) chhôh maluh apôna 339 ngâlâh deita a châ nota kô 3 {2005 (fig.no.–3) – 2008 (fig.no.–4)} chhôh Siaha khichhôh (Town) maluh apôchatliena cha 10,012 tlai a châ. Kô charie chhôh (2000 – 2008) eima kaw siepa liata maluh 10,351 tlai eimâ pôhpa liana heta ‘Mara reih’ a hmâ thai leipa, chihro pho hropa pakhazie tlaima maniah âbaichhi via sualua vâ tly i? Figure No. 2 & 3 zy he eima mopa ta achâ khiahta châ Siaha khichhôh liata ‘Lushei reih’ ama hmâna vaih nahzy he maluh ama hluh viana su a châ hleikhô ta Sawhkhâ rai ahriapa nata sôdaohpazy chhao ama y hluh via chaina a châ pâlao hei! Tawhta, chipho hropa nata chi chyhnawh viapa eima tahpa nahzy khi atlâhpipa ta ‘Lushei reih’ a hmâhpa sai ama châ hra. Cha hleikhô ta Marapa saw cheingeipa tlaita Lushei reih a hmâhpa chhôhkha Siaha khichhôh liata ama y hôlô! Eima duahmo he pha tiara vei.
Sâpalihna liata cha, nôpi nôvah ahnei pahlaona he reih hmâpa apanano theituh chaipa sâkha a châ heih hra. He heta ady chaipa cha chi hropa nata nôpi nôvah ahneipahlaona (inter-marriage) he a châ chai. Chihropa nata ahnei pahlaona ta atlôkheipa cha chano tlyma, chapaw tlyma, reih sâkha lilaw o chhôh liata hmâpa abyuh ta, a yzie cha ama nô tlyma, ama paw tlyma, pakha viapa cha reih hropa a hmâpa abyuh haw tahna a châ. Chatanachata nôvah likawh liata ama hmâ lei viapa reih cha padiah via lymâ aw ta, achhâ chhâna liata cha disaopa ta a y thei aw tahna a châ. He heta sawzy chhâh lia taihta reih hmâpa chôchâh liata noraina atlôkhei thei hra ei.
Nôpi nôvah ahneipahlaona ta asa papuapa cha reih sâno hmâpahlaopa (bilingual) âbyuhpa he a châ. Reih nanopa sâno hmâpahlaopa heta atlôkheipa cha chi chyhnawh viapazy hry liata cha ama reih hmâpa cha o chhôh mohôhna nata khisanazy vâta siesaipa ta reih hropa hmâ kho via hapa chyhsa hluhpi ama y. Reih hropa ama hmâna chhâpa chhao he rei thei awpa hluhpi a y thei hra aw. Chyhsa châna liata pahno hlaolei vâta zy, dyhchhie tu vâta zy nata chi-pho hropazy pasâhsa tu hapa vâta zy chhao a châ thei hra aw.
Khichhôh bielôhawhpa reina liata ei theina dâh tacha Marasaw chapaw châthai viapa nata Sawhkhâ raih laipa nata raih pha viapa a hriapa momaih ro ta atlâhpipa ta chihropa lahpinô châta hnei sahlao sai ei ta, hezy hry tawhta chhôhkha hluh via cha chhôhkha nôhrâpa reih ama hmâpâ lao heih tahpa a châ. Marasaw hry tawhta châthaipa nata raihriana phapa ahneipa, eimâ mopatâ viapa nata eimâ palaikhei viapazy ta Mara reih siesaipa ta reih hropa maniah ama hmâhsai lymâpa a châ khiahta cha a hy e ‘Mara reih’ he khâsia aw ta, a cheihchalo sualua khao aw vâ tly i? He hmo he âdopa a cha khiahta châ Marasaw eima vâdua hmeiseih tahna a châ.
Sâpangawna liata cha, yna su âpasiepa tlyma, âpaihpazy hawhpa heta reih hmâ haipa pabua thei ta, pikheipa reih pahleina taihta atlôkhei thei hra. Âpaihpa tahpa ta ady via chaipa cha chi-hropa nata râh hropa lâta âpaihpazy he a châ via chai hra aw. He heta atlôkheipa cha amâ paihna khih nata râh liata hmâpa reih kei hmâ hra awpa abyuh aw ta, raihriana su nata sawzy achunazy liata chhao amâ paihna khih nata râh liata reih ama hmâpa sai khâ hmâ hr’awpa âbyuh awpa vâta pikheipa reih azyh zyh ta siesaina nao ta, achhâ chhâna liata cha pikheipa reih siesaipa ta reih hropa hmâna a tlôkhei tyh.
He hmo he hmo dopa a châ. Marasaw Lytai, Lolei, Aizawl nata su hropa, reih hro a hmâpazy hnota apahrâpazy he ahluh via cha Mara reih hmâ thai khao veih ei. Nôpawpa nahzy cha âmo nôvah likah bie achhona liata Mara reih he ama hmâ thlâh tarawpa ta ama tusawzy hnota Mara reih hmâ thei khao veih ei. Khichhaipa reihta a khu khai ha bâ ei. Nochhi Mara saw nahzy chhao ama pahrâna sawhkhâ a chhietu hapa vâta tahmâ he khizaw râh su nano nanopa liata paipatlah hai ei ta, internet hmâpa ta bie eimâ chhona nata bielôhawhpa nata bie pachâpahmaohna ‘website’ nata ‘yahoogroup’ liata eima hneinazy liata ei mo nota ‘Mara reih’ roh dâh dopa ta aroh thaipa eima chyh kaw bâ tahpa hmôtheipa a châ. Nochhi Mara sawzy he ama vâdua hmeiseih. East Maraland chhôh liata achuna Siku liata ‘Mara Reih’ achu tlô leipa ei ta, cha hleikhôta Mara reih rohna (written language) châta hmâpa reih, Saikao reih a hmâhpa pahrâlâh pâlao heih leipa ei ta, Mara reih asia kawpa nata thai kawpa ta chârei nata roh thai awpa he ama rukhei hmeiseihpa a châ. Tahmâ Sawhkhâ chhiepa vâta râh hropa lâ ama pua haipa liana heta ama pahrâna su thiehpa nata ama pahrâlâhpazy reih hmâ bâ awpa abyuh aw ta, cha tita cha Mara reih he azyh zyh ta ama siesai via laih lymâ bâ hra awpa a châ. Chavâta, nôpawpa nata uhthei viapazy ta reih hmâna chôchâh liata âsohsi kawna chôta ama tusaw nahzy ama chhihtha laih thai awpa ângiah kawpa ta ei pahno.
Sâcharuna liata cha, Râh hmahsiena he eima khochaipa a châ taraw nota reih hmâpa chôchâh liata apha leipa lâta atlôkheipa hluhpi chhao a y thei thlâh pyly hra. Âsosâhna nata hmahsiena ta avaw tlôkheipa cha eima lyutao khisana thata maniah panano ta, eima nohto nie tluana nata chhaichhi hmâpazy taihta thata maniah apanopa khai ha bâ. Information technology chinano nanopa avaw tlô lymâpa heta hmo mohchhozy chhao thata panano heih hra ta, eima pikheipa reih hluhpi cha siesaipa a châ haw. O chhôh liata hmâpa chhaichhi hluhpi cha hmahsiena vâta hmâ thai khao lei awpa hluhpi y ta, chazy cha tahmâ cha hmopa a y khaoleipa dei châ leipa ta sawtliapazy pi tacha ama mohchhozy chhao hmâta pahno khao mapi. He heta a palâsapa cha pikheipa reih eima pahlei via lymâ tahna a châ.
He dei châvei, hmahsiena ta a tlôkheipa sâkha heih cha reih thiehpa avaw pua via lymâpa he a cha heih hra. Reih thiehpa vaw puapazy chata reih thieh viapa sa papua via laih lymâ ta, chatanachata reih thokhazy cha hmâ khaoleipa ta siesaipa ama cha haw! He hawhpazy vâta reih hluhpi cha thi pamua haw tlai ei ta; Châhrasala reih thokhazy deikua cha thi pathla khai hlei veih ei. Tahmâ ta Romance na reih he hlâno ta Latin reih ama tahpa kha châ ta, tahmâ ta eima hmâ haipa English chhao he hlâno ta English reihparohpa tawhta a vaw pihpa a châ hra. Chahawhna hrata Sanskrit reih he hlâno ta Indo-Aryan na reih tawhta avaw pathla pachhuah laihpa a châ hra.
Reih thieh viapa eima hmâ hapa vâta reih eima hmâ khaoleipazy cha reih parohpa tlymâ, machâ reih tahpa ta pahnopa ama châ pyly heih. Marasawzy chhao pi ta ‘Mara reih’ eima siesai ha bâpa he a hluh kaw! Hmo mohchho nata rei machâpazy chhao eima za hnei pathao ngâ bâ hrapa a châ. He he achhâpa cha hmahsiena ta eima reih hmâpa maniah apananopa vâta a châ. Tahmâ he India sawhkhâ ta Maraland nata âzaopa liata project laipa sâno – Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Project nata Kolodyna Hydel Project- hria pathao haipa châ ta, hezy he patlôpa a châ tita châ Mara râh he sôdaohna supipa nata chito ypakhyna a vaw châ thei awpa a châ. Cha tita ‘Mara reih’ duasu awpa he kheita a châ aw vâ tly? Eima pabohsa thei lymâ aw ma? tahpa he pachâkhi âkhipa a châ.
Sâsarina liata cha, Zawpi hnohta thâtih chhona (Media-Television, Radio, Thâtihbu, etc.) zy he reih eima hmâ ngâhaipa apanano thei tuhchaipa châ heih hra ei ta, reih hropa pahno thaina nata hmâ thei awpa ta zawpizy apachutuh chaipa nata âchhi theituh chaipa chhao ama châ. T.V., Radio, Thâtihbu, Magazine etc. zy he chyhsa palôh apahnietuh chaipa châ ei ta, nôpawpazy dei châleipa ta thyutliapa nata hawtipazy hro achhihthatuh chaipa ama châ hra. Achô liata palâsapa ‘Media’ nahzy heta ama thâtihbu rohpa nata biephuapa liata reih hropa, khichhaipa reih ama hmâpa a châ khiahta cha eima pikheipa reih (native language) siesaipa ta reih hropa hmâ kho viana zawpi ta ama hnei via lymâ aw. Khihchhôh reih disaona chhaichhi pha chaipa cha ‘media’ he a châ.
Mara râh chhôh liata khihpi viapa Siaha nata Tipa liata nohcharei thâtihbu apuapazy he ‘Lushei reih’ tah rohpa a châ. Mara reih ta rohpa lâ a chyh ta, reitlâhpa chhao hmâhta châ vei. Atliata tawhta Siaha (Zero Point, Amobyu, Kaochao liazy chhao atliata liana khata NSV nahzy ta Local Cable ama za pazao khai ha bâ hra) nata Tipa liazy cha Local Cable TV lâchhâh ârapasuana thata y ta, Local Cable TV hmâpa ta âtaopasuana nata programme chinano nanopazy (Thâtih thiepa phuana, pahnosana, Advertisement, Film- Mizo reih lata paliepa nata Conference, Pakhypi nata function nano nanopa âhmâna zy papua tyhpa a châ) chhao hmâ lymâpa a châ hra. Hezy liata reih hmâpa he ahluh via cha (80%) ‘Lushei reih’ hmâpa a châ. Hezy heta Mara reih thata padiahsa ta, pikheipa reih mohnaona thyutliapazy palôh liata apahneisa thei hra ei.
Biepachhâna
Reih he chi nata pho pachhaih nawpa nata eima pahrâna awpa râhri bâhkhâh tao nawpa châta Abeipa Khazohpa ta chhaichhi châta ahmâpa a châ tahpa he eima Bible tawhta asia ngaitapa ta hmôtheipa a châ. Âthaona châbu 11:6-7 liata he hawhta rohpa a châ: He chyhsazy he pôhkhapa châ ei ta, reih miakha a hmâhpa ama châ. Atahmâ he hmo ama tao awpa ama tao pathaopa a châ. Buakha hlâta ama hmo khopa thlai tao theipa ta ama y awpa he! Chavâta avy u la, zu ei suh u, ama reih panano ei suh u, ama reih amâ pahno thai khao lei nawpa ta”. Chahawhna hrata, Hmotaopazy 17:26 liata chi to pho to zy eima pahrâna awpa râhri bâhkhâh zy maniah ataopa zie rohpa a châ. He hawhta rohpa a châ: Alei chô pho to liata a y awpa pathlatuhpa pakha tawhta pho to padua ta, ama châta daihtizy raopa ta, ama yna awpa râhrizy chhao pakhâhpa ta. Reih he chi nata pho a vaw puana thabypa châ ha tlôh ta, chavâta, eima chi nata pho pabohsana thaby chai awpa cha eima pikheipa reih pabohsa awpa he a châ.
Keimo Mara sawzy pi he ta ‘Mara Reih’ he pasona châh pahnopa ta eima reih he eima khâsia hmeiseih tlai ma? Achô liata eima za rei hapa duahmo lianazy khita eimâ dua mâh hra ma? Mara reih hmahsiena nata tahmâ taihta âduasu tlâhpipazy za rei ha hra pi ta, Mara reih duahmo he apha khao tlai mâ? Reih thi haipa a châ thei hra aw ma? tahpa hiahhrinazy he achô liata khizaw liata reih hmâ haipazy duahmo nata chhichâna eima za rei hapazy khi palôhrupa liata athei thlâhna chôta ‘Mara reih’ chôchâh he pachâ pahmaoh heih thei sihla ei khopa vâta tlolei kawna chôta he biebipa he a vaw rohpa ei châ.
‘Mara reih tlâ parei maw sy’
References:
1. Holy Bible (Mara Version), The Bible Society of India, Bangalore, 2007.
2. Prof. John McWhorter, The Story of Human Languages, Part i – iii, The Teaching Company Limited Partnership, 2004.
3. Lorrain, R. A. Rev., Five Years in Unknown Jungle for God and Empire, Lakher Pioneer Mission, London, 1912.
4. Nohro, R.C. Rev., The Lakhers Pioneer Missionaries nata Hriatuhpazy, Literature & Publication Board, ECM, Assembly, Siaha, 2000 AD.
5. Mark, L. Rev., Marah Pioneer Missionary Hnoh Chaipa Rev. A.B. Lorrain Foxall (1928-2.7.1977) Thati, Author, Printed at LV Art, Chanmari, Aizawl, 2001.
6. Lallura, F., Mara Autonomous District Council Saiha Case Study, Paper Present – Seminar on Orientation Programme on Decentralized Planning for Officers of Autonomous District Councils in the North East, Organised by NIEPA, New Delhi, 2006.
7. Khaila, Nazee (ed.), Nohzuah: A Souvenir of Special Issue on the Occasion of Maraland Gospel Centenary 1907 – 2007, Mara Chanô Py (H) Siaha, 2007.
8. Sanga, J. R. Rev. (ed.), Marapa nata Thâtihpha: Maraland Gospel Centenary Book Series No. 1, Evangelical Church of Maraland, Siaha, 2007.
9. Chawngthu, Chawngkhuma Dr., Mara Khawtlang Nun, Mizoram Publication Board, Aizawl, 2005.
10. Vanalha, F., Mara Ramah Zirna Meichher Chhitute, Mizoram Board of Publication, Aizawl, 2003.
11. Hlychho, Mylai, Marapa Râh, Hro, Nôcha nata Khisahna Alaichadaina, Author, Aizawl, 2007.
12. Statistical Hand Book, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Mizoram, Aizawl, 2006.
13. Statistical Hand Book, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Mizoram, Aizawl, 2008.
14. Saiha District Statistical Hand Book, District Research Officer Economics Statistics, Saiha, 2005.
15. Chatlai, Mara Reih nata Mara Châ Pahnosiana, in www.maraland.org
16. Machâ S. Hrachu, Eily kaw tyh, in www.marasaw.com
17. www.wikepedia.com.
